by Anwita Mishra In the modern digital governance system, consent has become the moral and legal foundation for data protection. India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA), reflects this approach by making consent the foundation for legal data processing. This sounds wonderful in principle. In reality, however, the issue is much more complicated. When users have few to no choices to begin with, consent starts to feel more like coercion and less like consent. T

by Khushi Chandak Introduction The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 came into force on November 13, 2025. This marked the country’s first comprehensive legislative framework for the personal data governance. The Act, 2023 has come at nascent stage where the data is being considered as an “asset.” This analogy is becoming more clearer with the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and the personal data. The urgency that arises with this intersection is that when th

by Aman Kumar Jha Introduction The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (the “DPDP Act”) regards consent as the principal method of lawful processing of an individual’s data. Section 6(4) of the DPDP Act provides every Data Principal with the right to remove their consent at any time; Section 6(6) of the DPDP Act creates an obligation on the Data Fiduciary to stop processing and make sure their vendors stop processing as well. This appears to be a robust legal framework

I. Introduction On 5th November 2025, UNESCO adopted the world’s first standard on neurotechnology ethics. It defined neural data as qualitative and quantitative information about the structure, activity, and function of the nervous system gathered through neurotechnology. This data consists of direct measures, such as electroencephalography signals, as well as indirect indicators that help infer mental states, including eye tracking, voice analysis, typing patterns, and phys

By Siddhant Krishnakumar Jaiswal Assistant Legal Manager, IDBI Bank Ltd, Abstract Keywords: Algorithmic collusion; Competition Act 2002; Competition Commission of India (CCI); Cartels; Tacit coordination; AI pricing. The prompt adoption of autonomous pricing algorithms has shaken foundational assumptions of cartel enforcement. Such systems can generate prices that remain persistently higher than what a competitive market can produce, while avoiding any express human agreement

By Aditya Bhardwaj and Aarav Kumar Introduction Recently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) introduced changes to intermediary regulation that, although framed as protecting users, significantly overhauled the intermediary guidelines. Synthetic Content Amendment to the IT Rules, 2021, reinforces due diligence obligations of the SMIs (Social Media Intermediaries) and SSMIs (Significant Social Media Intermediaries). It fine-tunes the statutory ma

By Ms. Aastha Tiwari is an Assistant Professor of Law at Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai, and serves as the Faculty In-Charge of the Centre for Information Communication Technology and Law (CICTL). India stands on an uncharted terrain of privacy jurisprudence, where, on one hand, a normative framework of privacy has taken shape, yet, on the other, the law continues to grapple with contemporary offences, often reducing crimes such as voyeurism to little more than

by Sumit Chaudhary and Dhruv Gurnani from CNLU, Patna INTRODUCTION The growth of UPI is an indication of the volume of transactions and the arrival of a layered and interoperable national payment lattice. Its architectural options generate network effects like crucial digital utilities. As per NPCI UPI Product Statistics, it shows that its system has processed 20.008 billion transactions in August 2025, with a value of ₹24.85 lakh crore. This structural shift is strengthened