Centre for Information Communication Technology and Law

By Siddhant Krishnakumar Jaiswal Assistant Legal Manager, IDBI Bank Ltd, Abstract Keywords: Algorithmic collusion; Competition Act 2002; Competition Commission of India (CCI); Cartels; Tacit coordination; AI pricing. The prompt adoption of autonomous pricing algorithms has shaken foundational assumptions of cartel enforcement. Such systems can generate prices that remain persistently higher than what a competitive market can produce, while avoiding any express human agreement

By Aditya Bhardwaj and Aarav Kumar Introduction Recently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) introduced changes to intermediary regulation that, although framed as protecting users, significantly overhauled the intermediary guidelines. Synthetic Content Amendment to the IT Rules, 2021, reinforces due diligence obligations of the SMIs (Social Media Intermediaries) and SSMIs (Significant Social Media Intermediaries). It fine-tunes the statutory ma

by Sumit Chaudhary and Dhruv Gurnani from CNLU, Patna INTRODUCTION The growth of UPI is an indication of the volume of transactions and the arrival of a layered and interoperable national payment lattice. Its architectural options generate network effects like crucial digital utilities. As per NPCI UPI Product Statistics, it shows that its system has processed 20.008 billion transactions in August 2025, with a value of ₹24.85 lakh crore. This structural shift is strengthened